🔄 Compound Interest Calculator

See exactly how your savings or investments grow over time — with monthly contributions, multiple compounding frequencies, and year-by-year breakdown.

Enter Your Values

Starting balance or lump sum
Regular monthly deposit
Expected annual return
Investment period in years

📊 Growth Breakdown

How Compound Interest Works

Compound interest is interest earned on both your original principal and on all previously accumulated interest. Unlike simple interest, which only applies to the starting amount, compound interest creates exponential growth — your money earns more and more each period as the base grows.

The formula is: A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt) — where P is your starting amount, r is the annual rate, n is how often interest compounds per year, and t is the number of years. The key insight is the exponent: as time increases, the result grows exponentially rather than linearly.

Why Monthly Contributions Transform the Result

The calculator above lets you add a monthly contribution on top of your starting amount. This is where compound interest becomes genuinely transformative for everyday investors. Consider:

  • $10,000 invested at 7% for 30 years (no contributions) → approximately $76,000
  • $10,000 invested at 7% with $200/month for 30 years → approximately $313,000
  • $0 invested at 7% with $200/month for 30 years → approximately $227,000

The monthly contributions in the second scenario add $72,000 of your own money over 30 years — but the final balance is $237,000 more than the lump sum alone. That difference is compounding working on your contributions over time.

The Rule of 72

A quick mental shortcut: divide 72 by your annual interest rate to estimate how many years it takes your money to double. At 6% — 72 ÷ 6 = 12 years to double. At 9% — 8 years. At 4% — 18 years. This rule reveals why even small differences in investment return rate matter enormously over decades.

Compound Interest Working Against You: Debt

The same mathematics that build wealth in savings work in reverse for debt. A $5,000 credit card balance at 22% APR that you only make minimum payments on will cost you over $18,000 in total interest and take more than 20 years to pay off. High-interest debt compounds faster than almost any investment can match — which is why eliminating high-interest debt before investing is almost always the right priority order.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the compound interest formula? +
A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt), where A = final amount, P = principal, r = annual interest rate (as decimal), n = compounding periods per year, t = years. For monthly contributions, the full formula adds a future value of annuity component: FV = PMT × [((1 + r/n)^(nt) - 1) / (r/n)].
How much does $10,000 grow over 30 years at 7%? +
At 7% annually compounded monthly: $10,000 grows to approximately $81,165 after 30 years — an increase of $71,165 on your original investment, without adding another dollar. This illustrates the power of time: the final 10 years add more growth than the first 20 combined.
What is the Rule of 72? +
Divide 72 by your annual interest rate to estimate the doubling time in years. At 6%: 72 ÷ 6 = 12 years to double. At 9%: 8 years. At 4%: 18 years. It is a useful mental shortcut for quickly comparing investment returns without a calculator.
Does compounding frequency matter much? +
The difference between annual and daily compounding is real but smaller than most people expect. On $10,000 at 6% over 20 years: annual compounding = $32,071; monthly = $33,102; daily = $33,198. The $1,127 difference between annual and daily is meaningful but far less important than the interest rate itself or how long you invest.